Up to 89 percent of countries have now incorporated economic growth objectives into their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), marking an increase from 81 percent in the previous round.
Luong Quang Huy, Head of the Greenhouse Gas Emission Management and Ozone Layer Protection Division under the Department of Climate Change, shared the figures at a recent conference, highlighting key features of the new generation of NDCs.
According to the UNFCCC synthesis report, total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from new NDCs are projected to reach 13.0 Gt CO₂e by 2035, excluding LULUCF—17 per cent below 2019 levels. Emissions are expected to peak before 2030 and decline sharply, aligning with a Net-Zero pathway, though still insufficient to limit warming to 1.5°C, which requires a 60 per cent reduction.
Adaptation has become a stronger focus, with 73 per cent of countries including adaptation measures in their NDCs, emphasizing food security, water, health, and ecosystems.
Furthermore, 89 per cent plan to use voluntary cooperation under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, while 70 per cent have integrated just transition principles. Ocean-related issues appear in 78 per cent of new NDCs, a 39 per cent rise. Gender and youth participation also gained attention—89 per cent of countries include gender-related information and 88 per cent mention children and youth involvement.
Finance and technology are key to successful NDC implementation. Around 75 per cent of countries reported financial needs totaling $1.97 trillion, with $1.34 trillion for mitigation and $560 billion for adaptation.
Vietnam, among the first to update its NDC in 2022, is now developing NDC 3.0 for 2026–2035.
Mr. Huy stated that the NDC development this time identifies four main issues.
First, reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the Energy, Agriculture, LULUCF, Waste, and Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) sectors.
Second, adapting to climate change and cross-sectoral issues (climate change adaptation, loss and damage, cross-sectoral issues, and gender mainstreaming in NDCs).
Third, assessing socio-economic impacts. Fourth, mobilizing financial resources to effectively implement the NDC and evaluating potential costs during NDC 3.0 implementation.
Vietnam's approach also ensures alignment with the national and sectoral development plans for 2021-2030 and 2026-2030, aiming for the long-term goals of the National Climate Change Strategy until 2050.
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