During the talks on October 8, the two PMs affirmed that defence and security cooperation remains a pillar of the bilateral ties, agreeing to strengthen coordination in maintaining security, political stability and social order, combating transnational crime, drug-related crime, human trafficking, smuggling and high-tech crime, and managing and protecting the shared border.

Under the “Triple Helix” structure, the government establishes legal frameworks, supports shared infrastructure, and resolves operational bottlenecks; universities and research institutes train human resources, while generating knowledge and technology; and enterprises define product requirements, invest capital, and commercialize outcomes.