According to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), Vietnam’s Human Development Index (HDI) was 0.703 in 2021, almost equal to the 2019 result of 0.704. In the global HDI rankings, Vietnam climbed two places, from 117th out of 189 countries in 2019 to 115th out of 191 countries in 2021. Its Gender Inequality Index (GII) continued to improve last year, reaching 0.296 and ranking 71st out of 170 countries. The UNDP said Vietnam will face many challenges in the future, such as climate change and economic development depending on global growth.