Hanoi aims to become a “civilised, modern and happy” capital with a rich cultural heritage, while serving as a leading hub for the economy, education, healthcare and innovation in the Asia-Pacific by 2035, under a newly approved master plan with a 100-year vision.
Approved by local authorities on March 28, the plan envisions the capital reaching a level comparable to developed nations in terms of knowledge and technology by 2045. Beyond 2065, Hanoi is expected to evolve into a global city, recognized among the world’s leading capitals for quality of life and overall well-being.
The city covers approximately 3,360 sq.km, with its population projected to reach 14–15 million by 2035, 15–16 million by 2045, and 17–19 million by 2065. The long-term plan aims to keep the population below 20 million to ensure sustainable urban density while maintaining the capacity to accommodate transient residents.
The master plan outlines an open spatial structure described as “multi-layered, multi-polar and multi-centered”, with the Red River serving as the central ecological and cultural axis, closely linked to regional, national and international economic networks.
Key targets include an average annual GRDP growth rate of 11%, per capita GRDP of $12,000, and the digital economy accounting for 40% of total GRDP by 2030. The urbanization rate is expected to reach 65–70%, while public transport is projected to meet at least 30% of travel demand.
Google translate